Lead-free pinscreen imprint device, system, and method for retrieving at least one imprint of a topmost surface of a fish located in a wellbore

ABSTRACT

A lead-free pinscreen imprint device for retrieving at least one imprint of a topmost surface of a fish located in a wellbore may include a housing with a central aperture that extends along a section of a central axis thereof. The lead-free pinscreen imprint device may include a pinscreen portion disposed in the housing. The pinscreen portion may include various pins that are disposed along a vertical axis that is parallel to the central axis. The pinscreen portion may include an imprint surface that faces in a downward direction and a scanning surface that faces in an upward direction. The lead-free pinscreen imprint device may include a three-dimensional (3D) laser image scanner disposed in the housing at a location that is immediately above the pinscreen portion. The 3D laser image scanner may be configured to scan the scanning surface and identify any depth changes in the scanning surface.

BACKGROUND

In any industry that performs drilling, an unexpected turn of events canlead to very expensive remedial operations. One of the most expensiveevents that can occur on the field is losing/dropping objects thousandsof feet in a drilled hole. In these cases, fishing operations may beneeded. In cases where the shape/position of a top fish is not certain,rig crews may need to run an impression block to determine the positionand shape of the top fish. The impression block may be short tubularsteel body fitted at its lower section with lead. The impression blockmay be lowered to obtain an imprint of the top fish, which can help therig crew to know the shape of the top fish after the imprint device isretrieved.

SUMMARY

In general, in one aspect, embodiments disclosed herein relate to alead-free pinscreen imprint device for retrieving at least one imprintof a topmost surface of a fish located in a wellbore. The lead-freepinscreen imprint device includes a housing including a central aperturethat extends along a section of a central axis thereof. The lead-freepinscreen imprint device includes a pinscreen portion disposed in thehousing. The pinscreen portion includes various pins that are disposedalong a vertical axis that is parallel to the central axis. Each pin ofthe various pins includes a top end and a bottom end. Each pin isconfigured to be independently shifted along the vertical axis uponidentifying a pressure at the bottom end. The pinscreen portion includesan imprint surface that faces in a downward direction. The imprintsurface is a first plane formed by various bottom ends of the variouspins when the imprint surface is in a collecting position. The pinscreenportion includes a scanning surface that faces in an upward direction.The scanning surface is a second plane parallel to the first plane andformed by various top ends of the various pins when the scanning surfaceis in the collecting position. The lead-free pinscreen imprint deviceincludes a three-dimensional (3D) laser image scanner disposed in thehousing at a location that is immediately above the pinscreen portion.The 3D laser image scanner is configured to scan the scanning surfaceand identify any depth changes in the scanning surface.

In general, in one aspect, embodiments disclosed herein relate to systemfor retrieving an imprint of a topmost surface of a fish located in awellbore. The system includes a lead-free pinscreen imprint device. Thelead-free pinscreen imprint device includes a housing including acentral aperture that extends along a section of a central axis thereof.The lead-free pinscreen imprint device includes a pinscreen portiondisposed in the housing. The pinscreen portion includes various pinsthat are disposed along a vertical axis that is parallel to the centralaxis. Each pin out of the various pins includes a top end and a bottomend. Each pin out of the various pins is configured to be independentlyshifted along the vertical axis upon identifying a pressure at thebottom end. The pinscreen portion includes an imprint surface that facesin a downward direction. The imprint surface is a first plane formed byvarious bottom ends of the various pins when the imprint surface is in acollecting position. The pinscreen portion includes a scanning surfacethat faces in an upward direction. The scanning surface is a secondplane parallel to the first plane and formed by various top ends of thevarious pins when the scanning surface is in the collecting position.The lead-free pinscreen imprint device includes a 3D laser image scannerdisposed in the housing at a location that is immediately above thepinscreen portion. The 3D laser image scanner is configured to scan thescanning surface and identify any depth changes in the scanning surface.The system includes a conveyance mechanism configured to connect to anattachment of the housing. The conveyance mechanism is configured tomove the lead-free pinscreen imprint device along the vertical axis. Thesystem includes a control system. The control system controls activationand deactivation of a safety mechanism of the lead-free pinscreenimprint device and determines whether the lead-free pinscreen imprintdevice has reached the collecting position. After the 3D laser imagescanner performs a first scan of the scanning surface, the controlsystem determines whether a 3D image of the topmost surface of the fishcan be generated based on the first scan only. If the 3D image of thetopmost surface of the fish can be generated based on the first scanonly, the control system generates the 3D image of the topmost surfaceof the fish. If the 3D image of the topmost surface of the fish cannotbe generated based on the first scan only, the control system determinesa number of subsequent scans to be collected. If the 3D image of thetopmost surface of the fish cannot be generated based on the first scanonly and after the 3D laser image scanner performs the number ofsubsequent scans, the control system generates the 3D image of thetopmost surface of the fish.

In general, in one aspect, embodiments disclosed herein relate to amethod for retrieving at least one imprint of a topmost surface of afish located in a wellbore. The method includes activating, by a controlsystem, a safety mechanism in a lead-free pinscreen imprint device. Thelead-free pinscreen imprint device includes a housing including acentral aperture that extends along a section of a central axis thereof.The housing includes an attachment configured to connect a conveyancemechanism that moves the lead-free pinscreen imprint device along avertical axis. The lead-free pinscreen imprint device includes pinscreenportion disposed in the housing. The pinscreen portion includes variousof pins that are disposed along the vertical axis that is parallel tothe central axis. Each pin out of the various pins includes a top endand a bottom end. Each pin out of the various pins is configured to beindependently shifted along the vertical axis upon identifying apressure at the bottom end. The pinscreen portion includes an imprintsurface that faces in a downward direction. The imprint surface is afirst plane formed by various bottom ends of the various pins when theimprint surface is in a collecting position. The pinscreen portionincludes a scanning surface that faces in an upward direction. Thescanning surface is a second plane parallel to the first plane andformed by various top ends of the various pins when the scanning surfaceis in the collecting position. The lead-free pinscreen imprint deviceincludes a 3D laser image scanner disposed in the housing at a locationthat is immediately above the pinscreen portion. The 3D laser imagescanner is configured to scan the scanning surface and identify anydepth changes in the scanning surface. The lead-free pinscreen imprintdevice includes the safety mechanism that prevents the various pins frommoving. Each pin out of the various pins is free to slide upwards ordownwards once the safety mechanism has been deactivated. The methodincludes lowering, by the conveyance mechanism, the lead-free pinscreenimprint device from a surface into the wellbore and along the verticalaxis. The method includes determining, by the control system, whetherthe lead-free pinscreen imprint device has reached the collectingposition. After the 3D laser image scanner performs a first scan of thescanning surface, the method includes determining, by the controlsystem, whether a 3D image of the topmost surface of the fish can begenerated based on the first scan only. If the 3D image of the topmostsurface of the fish can be generated based on the first scan only, themethod includes generating the 3D image of the topmost surface of thefish. If the 3D image of the topmost surface of the fish cannot begenerated based on the first scan only, the method includes determininga number of subsequent scans to be collected. If the 3D image of thetopmost surface of the fish cannot be generated based on the first scanonly and after the 3D laser image scanner performs the number ofsubsequent scans, the method includes generating the 3D image of thetopmost surface of the fish.

Other aspects of the disclosure will be apparent from the followingdescription and the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Specific embodiments of the disclosed technology will now be describedin detail with reference to the accompanying figures. Like elements inthe various figures are denoted by like reference numerals forconsistency.

FIGS. 1A and 1B show perspective views of a lead-based impression block.

FIG. 2 shows close-up view of a lead-free pinscreen device in accordancewith one or more embodiments.

FIG. 3 shows a cross-section view of a lead-free pinscreen device inaccordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 4 shows an exploded view of a lead-free pinscreen device inaccordance with one or more embodiments.

FIGS. 5-7 shows close-up view of the operations of a lead-free pinscreendevice in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIGS. 8A and 8B show an example of an image generated by a lead-freepinscreen device in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 9 shows close-up view of the operations of a lead-free pinscreendevice in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIGS. 10-13 show a system retrieving at least one imprint of a topmostsurface of a fish located in a wellbore in accordance with one or moreembodiments.

FIG. 14 show a cross section view of a pin for a lead-free pinscreendevice in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIGS. 15A-15C show an example of a lead-free pinscreen device retrievingat least one imprint of a topmost surface of a fish located in awellbore in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIGS. 16A-16D show an example of a lead-free pinscreen device retrievingat least one imprint of a topmost surface of a fish located in awellbore in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 17 shows a flowchart in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 18 shows an example of a computer system in accordance with one ormore embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Specific embodiments of the disclosure will now be described in detailwith reference to the accompanying figures. Like elements in the variousfigures are denoted by like reference numerals for consistency.

In the following detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure,numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a morethorough understanding of the disclosure. However, it will be apparentto one of ordinary skill in the art that the disclosure may be practicedwithout these specific details. In other instances, well-known featureshave not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily complicatingthe description.

Throughout the application, ordinal numbers (e.g., first, second, third,etc.) may be used as an adjective for an element (i.e., any noun in theapplication). The use of ordinal numbers is not to imply or create anyparticular ordering of the elements nor to limit any element to beingonly a single element unless expressly disclosed, such as using theterms “before”, “after”, “single”, and other such terminology. Rather,the use of ordinal numbers is to distinguish between the elements. Byway of an example, a first element is distinct from a second element,and the first element may encompass more than one element and succeed(or precede) the second element in an ordering of elements.

In general, embodiments of the disclosure include lead-free pinscreenimprint device, a system, and a method for retrieving at least oneimprint of a topmost surface of a fish located in a wellbore. Apinscreen imprint device may be used to replace conventional leadimpression blocks. The pinscreen imprint device may give a clear imprintof a shape, dimension, and orientation of a top fish. This pinscreenimprint device may be run on a fishing string or a wire/slick line whichthe conventional impression blocks cannot usually do given that theyneed weight to push them against the top fish to create any impression.The pinscreen imprint device is safe and environmentally friendlybecause it does not include lead. In one or more embodiments, thepinscreen imprint device may include a tubular body with a threaded boxin one end and a crowded array of pins that are free to slidevertically. These pins may be separately monitored by athree-dimensional (3D) laser profile scanner, which may be isolated onanother end of the pinscreen imprint device to create a 3D shape. Whileconnected through via a wireline, the pinscreen imprint device may sendlife data, be adjusted, and be reset during an imprint collectionprocess to give the best imprint of the top fish without the need topull out the pinscreen imprint device. The pinscreen imprint device maybe run by pipe and may be fitted with circulation ports to circulate andwash the top fish before taking the impression.

In the pinscreen imprint device, an area between the pins and a 3D laserscanner may be sealed to prevent inflow of drilling fluid and to preventany obstacle on the way of the laser to scan a preformed shape of thepins. This may be achieved by fitting the pins with O-rings to create abarrier and seal any drilling fluid from flowing into the space betweenthe individual pins and the 3D laser profile scanner. These O-rings maybe micro O-rings that are less than 1 mm (millimeter) in size and have ahigh sealing capability. These O-rings may have a tight fit that createsa resistance to keep the pins extended and prevent any accidentalretract due to differential pressure between the inside and outside ofthe pinscreen imprint device.

FIGS. 1A and 1B show schematic diagrams illustrating a traditional leadimpression block 100. In FIG. 1A, the traditional lead impression block100 may include a lead surface 150 at a bottom end 140 and a lock-inhandle 110 at a top end (opposite to the bottom end 140). Thetraditional lead impression block 100 may have a body 120 with acylindrical shape 130. As noted above, the traditional lead impressionblock 100 does not include any electronic components. Further, thetraditional lead impression block 100 is completely void of anypressuring capabilities to generate an imprint on the lead surface 150.As a result, the traditional lead impression block 100 must include aweighted portion in the body 120. As additional weight is required forthe weight in the body 120 to create any imprint, the traditional leadimpression block 100 is not likely to generate imprints on its own. Theweight 120 of the traditional lead impression block 100 will not beenough to create the imprint because the weight to create any imprintmay be as low as +-1000 lbs. (pounds) based on application. As a result,the traditional lead impression block 100 is required to be run by pipeor coiled tubing to give the traditional lead impression block 100 extraweight needed to do any imprints. In FIG. 1B, the bottom end 140 of thetraditional lead impression block 100 is shown to have only minorimprints from the top of the fish. Usually, these minor imprints 142,144, 146, and 148, are all the imprints of the top fish that thetraditional lead impression block 100 will collect. Specially if part ofthe top fish has a higher surface, the traditional lead impression block100 only tags higher sections of the top fish. These minor imprints 142,144, 146, and 148 are uneven and difficult to understand upon a simpleinspection and may lead to additional downtime and work to collect abetter imprint of the top of the fish.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a close-up view of system200 for retrieving an imprint of a topmost surface 260 of a fish 265located in a wellbore 225. The system 200 includes a lead-free pinscreenimprint device 230 located therewith configured to engage and collect animage of the topmost surface 260. The lead-free pinscreen imprint device230 has a cylindrical housing 245 with a central aperture 235 thatextends through the entire length of the lead-free pinscreen imprintdevice 230 along a central axis 240 (also referred to as the verticalaxis 240). As such, the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 may beconfigured similar to a fishing overshot.

In some embodiments, the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 may beattached to a conveyance mechanism 210 at an upper section, whichmaintains the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 at a fixed positionin the wellbore 225. In some embodiments, the lead-free pinscreenimprint device 230 may be installed at a bottom end 220 of theconveyance mechanism 210. In some embodiments, the upper section of thelead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 includes one or more ports 205that may be opened to allow movement of fluids throughout the lead-freepinscreen imprint device 230. A guide portion 250 may be the lowermostcomponent of the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230. In someembodiments, the lower section of the lead-free pinscreen imprint device230 may be the guide portion 250 configured to line-up the fish 265 in avertical direction to overlap the central axis 240. In some embodiments,the guide portion 250 lines-up the fish 265 when the topmost surface 260of the fish 265 is closer to a liner 215 of the wellbore 225.

In some embodiments, the fish 265 may have a predetermined width. In oneor more embodiments, the fish 265 may have a variable width that isdifferent from the predetermined width. For example, the fish 265 may bepiping worn out or broken through by drilling harsh formations or harshdrilling operations. In some embodiments, the lead-free pinscreenimprint device 230 may engage the fish 265 using one or more securingmechanisms disposed within the cylindrical housing 245. The lead-freepinscreen imprint device 230 prevents running a single size mechanismfor a specific piping with a specific outer diameter. In someembodiments, the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 minimizestripping times in the wellbore 225 and increases the chances to engagethe fish 265. In some embodiments, the lead-free pinscreen imprintdevice 230 may be lowered to a predetermined depth 255.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram illustrating the lead-free pinscreenimprint device 230 with a cutout 330 which provides a look into theelements disposed inside the cylindrical housing 245. The cylindricalhousing 245 extends over a length 310 between the conveyance mechanism210 and the guide portion 250. A top section 220 may be a couplingsurface above the ports 205 including one or more elements for fasteningthe lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 to the conveyance mechanism210. The ports 205 may be threaded holes between 1 inch (1") to 2 inches(2") in size that may be plugged with bolts or cap inserts that may beopened with a certain pressure. The guide portion 250 may include aguide that may be rotated with the cylindrical housing 245 until theguide portion 250 connects with the topmost surface 260 of the fish 265.The guide portion 250 may align the fish 265 in the vertical directionuntil it overlaps the central axis 240. Once the fish is substantiallyoverlapping the central axis 240, the lead-free pinscreen imprint device230 may be lowered to engage the topmost surface 260 through the centralaperture 235.

In some embodiments, the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 includesa plurality of wired connections 320, a 3D laser image scanner 340, aplurality of pins 360, an upper seal 370, and a lower seal 380 disposedwithin the cylindrical housing 245. In some embodiments, the length 310is proportional to the cumulative lengths the elements disposed withinthe cylindrical housing 245. A person of ordinary skill in the art willreadily observe that the elements disposed within the cylindricalhousing 245 may be arranged in a different manner to that shown in FIG.3 . Specifically, the upper seal 370 and the lower seal 380 may bedisposed below the plurality of pins 360. Alternatively, the upper seal370 and the lower seal 380 may be located at the sides of the pluralityof pins 360.

The upper seal 370 and the lower seal 380 may be sealing components thatexpands inside the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 to fasten theplurality of pins 360. In some embodiments, the upper seal 370 and thelower seal 380 include an internal lip that seals around the outerdiameter of the plurality of pins to control movement of the pluralityof pins 360 in a vertical direction.

The lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 reduces non-productive timeduring tripping and fishing, because the traditional lead impressionblock 100 cannot be deemed success without pulling out of hole andclosely examined. As a result, multiple runs are required to get thebest imprint of the top fish when using the traditional lead impressionblock 100. In this regard, the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230may be run via pipe or wireline which may send real-time data to surfacegiving us the ability to examine the shape, size of top fish while toolstill on bottom. The lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 may be setat a predetermined height 390 from the topmost surface 260.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an exploded view of theelements disposed within the cylindrical housing 245 of the lead-freepinscreen imprint device 230. The elements disposed within thecylindrical housing 245 may be internal hardware 400 assembled forretrieving an imprint of the topmost surface 260. The internal hardware400 may include the 3D laser image scanner 340, the plurality of pins360, the upper seal 370, and the lower seal 380. In some embodiments,the internal hardware 400 includes a sealing section 420 including theupper seal 370 and the lower seal 380 disposed between a packer 440 anda case 430. In some embodiments, the lead-free pinscreen imprint device230 may include the 3D laser image scanner 340 and the plurality of pins360 protected with the case 430 in an image collection portion 410. Insome embodiments, the internal hardware is arranged centered along thecentral axis 240 and inside the central aperture 235 of the cylindricalhousing 245.

FIG. 5 shows a close-up look of the image collection portion 410. Theimage collection portion 410 may include a pinscreen portion 500. Thepinscreen portion 500 may include an image scanner 505 and the pluralityof pins 360. The image scanner 505 may include a location camera 520that uses a first line of sight (LOS) 555 to form an angle alpha (α)with respect to a second LOS 545 of a light source 535 after bouncing ina downward direction 560 towards a scanning surface 565 of the pluralityof pins 360. The location camera 520 is a retractable sensor thatobtains light that bounces from any of the pins from a light source 535.These devices may be adjusted based on the application needed such thatthe location camera 520 may be moved in a first direction 530 closer tothe light source 535 and the light source 535 may be moved in a seconddirection 540 closer to the location camera 520 to control a size ofangle alpha.

The image scanner 505 may include a wireless receiver 525 that obtainsinformation from a control system located at a surface of a well site.The strength of the light source 535 may be modified based on a rotationof a rotor 510. A focus of the location camera 520 may be control basedon a rotation of the wheel 550.

In one or more embodiments, the plurality of pins 360 that are disposedalong a vertical axis that is parallel to the central axis. Each pin outof the plurality of pins 360 may include a top end and a bottom end andeach pin out of the plurality of pins 360 may be configured to beindependently shifted along the vertical axis upon identifying apressure at the bottom end. An imprint surface may be a surface thatfaces in the downward direction 560. The imprint surface may be a firstplane formed by a plurality of bottom ends of the plurality of pins 360when the imprint surface is in a collecting position (without movementof any of the pins). The scanning surface 565 may be a surface thatfaces in an upward direction (opposite to the downward direction 560).The scanning surface 565 may be a second plane parallel to the firstplane and formed by a plurality of top ends of the plurality of pins 360when the scanning surface is in the collecting position.

In one or more embodiments, to accurately measure a linear distance ofeach pin is called a laser triangulation method. In this regard, thelaser triangulation may emit a laser light though the light source 535.The laser beam may be reflected from an impacted pin to location camera520. The laser beam and the location camera 520 may be both pointed at atarget pin. In this case, by having a known angular offset (e.g., theangle alpha) between the laser source and the camera sensor, the imagescanner 505 may measure depth differences using trigonometry. To thispoint, the light reflected from different distances strikes the sensorin different locations. To speed up the scanning, a laser line may beprojected at the target, rather than just a single point.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show a close-up look of a pinscreen portion 600 of theimage collection portion 410. In FIG. 6 , the location camera 520 mayimplement a ranged LOS 610 that combines multiple angles alpha withrespect to the second LOS 545. As the second LOS 545 maintains itsposition, the location camera 520 may adjust to obtain multiple heights(hi, h₂, and h₃) over a predetermined range 620. In this regard, FIG. 7shows that the multiple heights may be correlated to an internal lens710 as it changes the height and a focal point 720 remains the same. Insome embodiments, the position where the reflected laser strikes theinternal lens 710 is dependent on the vertical distance of the pluralityof pins 360, from the laser and camera assembly in the pinscreen portion600. As such, the location on the internal lens 710 to which thereflected light is detected changes as the vertical distance of thepredetermined range 620 (i.e., the target surface) changes. In thisregard, the multiple heights (h₁, h₂, and h₃) are representative of anoffset distance that may cause the reflected light to strike theinternal lens 710 at different locations. Based on this principle, thevertical distance between the plurality of pins 360 may be calculated toproduce the final 3D image. The multiple heights may be separated by apredetermined distance (d), which may be a same distance between any twoconsecutive heights out of the multiple heights.

FIGS. 8A and 8B show an example image 800 and an example scanned surface860. The scanned surface is a potato slice 850 cut with a clean knife.As seen in surface 870, the naked eye may not interpret any changes onthe potato slice 850. However, using the image collection portion 410 inthe manner described in FIGS. 5-7 , the potato slice 850 may be sampledover a length 880 covering the entire width of the surface 870irrespective of a corresponding thickness 890. As shown in FIG. 8A, theexample image 800 is generated to show any topographical changes on thesurface 870. Specifically, the topographical changes may include shallowareas 810, medium-range areas 840, and high points 820 in the surface870 for a circumference 830 of the potato slice 850.

FIG. 9 shows an example of a compact sensor arrangement 900 thatincludes a laser emitter 920 and a collecting device 910. Duringoperations, the laser emitter 920 has a central outlet 925 and through afocal point 930 to generate a straight LOS 955 for the laser generated.The collecting device 910 may receive multiple laser beams 912 that areinverted through a focal point 940 after the reflection of the laserfrom the straight LOS 955 bounces back through a sensor gate 990 andinto the compact sensor arrangement 900. In some embodiments, differentheights 960 and 980 cause the light to bounce corresponding reflectionpoints 965 and 985, respectively. Depending on the shape and apertureavailable for the reflection to bounce into the sensor gate 990, thecollecting device 910 may not receive a reflection from other heights,such as height 970.

FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram illustrating the lead-free pinscreenimprint device 230 disposed on the wellbore 225 of a well system 1000.The well system 1000 may include surface equipment including actuatingdevices 1035, sensors 1030, and control systems 1040 connected to oneanother using hardware and/or software to create interfaces 1020.Further, the well system 1000 may be propped by structures 1025 from arig floor 1045. The well system 1000 includes the wellbore 225 extendingfrom the rig floor 1045 to an underground formation 1070. Theunderground formation 1070 may have porous areas including hydrocarbonpools that may be accessed through the wellbore 225. In someembodiments, the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 is translated ina vertical direction along the wellbore 225 using the surface equipment.

The well system 1000 includes a well 1015 extending below the earthsurface into the underground formation (“formation”) 1070. The formation1070 may include a porous or fractured rock. A subsurface pool ofhydrocarbons, such as oil and gas, also known as a reservoir, may belocated in the formation 1070. The well 1015 includes the wellbore 225that extends from a wellhead at the surface to a target zone information 1070 the target zone may be where the reservoir (not shownseparately) is located. The well 1015 may further include liner 215 inthe innermost surface of the wellbore 225. In the illustrated example,casings extend into the portion of wellbore 225 penetrating theformation 1070. In other implementations, the portion of wellbore 225penetrating the formation 1070 may be uncased or open, and fluidcommunication between the formation 1070 and may occur through an openwall section of the well 1015.

The wellbore 225 may facilitate the circulation of drilling fluidsduring drilling operations. The flow of hydrocarbon production(“production”) (e.g., oil and gas) from the reservoir to the surfaceduring production operations, the injection of substances (e.g., water)into the formation 1070 or the during injection operations, or thecommunication of monitoring devices (e.g., logging tools or loggingdevices) into the formation 1070 or the reservoir during monitoringoperations (e.g., during in situ logging operations).

The well system 1000 may include a well control system (“controlsystem”) 1040. In some embodiments, during operation of the well system1000, the control system 1040 may collect and record wellhead data forthe well system 1000. The control system 1040 may include flowregulating devices that are operable to control the flow of substancesinto and out of wellbore 225. For example, control system 1040 mayinclude one or more production valves (not shown separately) that areoperable to control the flow of production in the well system 1000during well completion operations, well maintenance operations, andreservoir monitoring, assessment, and development operations. In someembodiments, the control system 1040 may regulate the movement of theconveyance mechanism 210 by modifying the power supplied to theactuating devices 1035. The conveyance mechanism 210 may be a wirelinemechanism, a slick line mechanism, or a mechanism comprising a pluralityof tubulars (i.e., pipes) coupling the lead-free pinscreen imprintdevice 230 to the structures 1025. The conveyance mechanism 210 may be aspecial mechanical device used to aid the recovery of equipment lost inthe well 1015.

In some embodiments, the actuating devices 1035 may be motors or pumpsconnected to the conveyance mechanism 210 and the control system 1040.The control system 1040 may be coupled to the sensors 1030 to sensecharacteristics of substances and conditions in the wellbore 225,including production when the well 1015 is a production well.

In some embodiments, the fish 265 is disposed at a sampling depth 1065.The sampling depth 1065 may be defined as a distance 1060 from thepredetermined depth 255 to the topmost surface 260. The predetermineddepth 255 may be a pre-established distance 1055 from the rig floor1045.

In some embodiments, the measurements are recorded in real-time, and areavailable for review or use within seconds, minutes, or hours of thecondition being sensed (e.g., the measurements are available within 1hour of the condition being sensed). In such an embodiment, the wellheaddata may be referred to as “real-time” wellhead data. Real-time data mayenable an operator of the well system 1000 to assess a relativelycurrent state of the well system 1000 and make real-time decisionsregarding development of the well system 1000 and the reservoir, such ason-demand adjustments in regulation of production flow from the well1015.

FIG. 11 shows an example of the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230being lowered into the wellbore 225 to retrieve at least one imprint ofthe topmost surface 260. In some embodiments, the lead-free pinscreenimprint device 230 is lowered into the wellbore 225 using the conveyancemechanism 210 rolled from the rig floor 1045 of the well system 1015 ina downward direction 1100. In some embodiments, the conveyance mechanism210 is rolled by the actuating devices 1035 coupled to the structures1025. The actuating devices 1035 and the structures 1025 operate tolower or raise the conveyance mechanism 210. In this case, the actuatingdevices 1035 and the structures 1025 are used for lowering the lead-freepinscreen imprint device 230 into a depth above a depth of the topmostsurface 260 of the fish 265. In some embodiments, the interfaces 1020includes controls for monitoring and operating the movement of theconveyance mechanism 210 using a hydraulic pump (not shown).

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of the lead-free pinscreen imprint device230 engaging the fish 265. The lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 islowered onto the topmost surface 260 of the fish 265 following aconsistent downward direction 1200. In this case, the guide portion 250in the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 engages the fish 265. Theguide portion 250 engages the topmost surface 260 into the centralaperture 235 and allows the topmost surface 260 to push against a numberof pins in the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230. As it will bedescribed in reference to FIGS. 15A-16D, the pins are pushed inproportion to a shape and topology of the topmost surface 260. Thelead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 may include at least one safetyelement that locks the pins in place once the topmost surface 260 iscovered and the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 is lowered for aperiod of time. This period of time may be a predetermined number ofseconds or minutes that allow an imprint to be collected. The imprintmay be reported through wireline to the control system 1040 on the rigfloor 1045.

FIG. 13 shows an example of the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230moving along the wellbore 225 in an upward direction 1300. The lead-freepinscreen imprint device 230 is lifted once the imprint of the topmostsurface 260 is collected. The lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 mayinclude at least one sensor that determines that the imprint has beencollected. In this case, the conveyance mechanism 210 is lifted in astraight direction while avoiding any rotation of the lead-freepinscreen imprint device 230.

FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of engagement means 1400. Theengagement means may include a casing 1420 coupled to a pin 1450. In oneor more embodiments, the engagement means 1400 have a cylindrical shapeand a circular transversal cross section. As shown in the longitudinalcross section 1420 of the casing 1420, a plurality of sealing elements1440 may be embedded in an internal face 1430 of the casing 1420. Theplurality of sealing elements 1440 allow the pin 1450 to move on eitherdirection of the casing 1420 while preventing fluid to pass throughbetween the casing 1240 and the pin 1450. In some embodiments, thecasing 1420 is shorter in length than the pin 1450. The casing 1420 mayhold a section of the pin 1450 while at least one of a bottom end 1410and/or an upper end 1460 remains outside the casing 1420.

FIGS. 15A-15C show schematic diagrams illustrating an example of thelead-free pinscreen device 230 retrieving at least one imprint of thetopmost surface 260 of the fish 265. In FIGS. 15A-15C, an imprintcollection process 1500 includes the 3D laser image scanner 340 and theplurality of pins 360. The plurality of pins 360 held in place though aninward pressure exerted by the upper seal 370 and the lower seal 380.According to the imprint collection process 1500, when the plurality ofpins 360 are lowered on to the topmost surface 260, an imprint force(not shown) may be exerted from the topmost surface 260 to raise aproportional number of pins 920 out of the plurality of pins 360. Theimprint force may be equal to a normal force (not shown) proportional tothe weight of the plurality of pins 360 exerted on the topmost surface260. As the plurality of pins 360 are dropped on the topmost surface260, the topmost surface 260 pushes back on the imprint surface.

FIG. 15A shows the lead-free pinscreen device 230 in a collectingposition 1502. As described above, in the pinscreen portion 500, theimprint surface is a plane formed by a plurality of bottom ends of theplurality of pins 360 when the lead-free pinscreen device 230 is in acollecting position 1502. Further, the scanning surface 565 may be asurface that faces in an upward direction. The scanning surface 565 maybe a plane formed by a plurality of top ends of the plurality of pins360 when the lead-free pinscreen device 230 is in the collectingposition 1502. In FIGS. 15B and 15C, as the lead-free pinscreen device230 is lowered and the imprint is collected, the proportional number ofpins 920 is equal to a thickness 1510 of the fish 260.

FIGS. 16A-16D show schematic diagrams illustrating an example of thelead-free pinscreen device 230 retrieving at least one imprint of thetopmost surface 260 of the fish 265. In FIGS. 16A-16D, an imprintcollection process 1600 includes the 3D laser image scanner 340 and theplurality of pins 360. The plurality of pins 360 held in place though aninward pressure exerted by the upper seal 370 and the lower seal 380.The plurality of pins 360 may be additional held in place though asafety mechanism 1610 that prevents the plurality of pins 360 frommoving such that each pin out of the plurality of pins 360 may only befree to slide upwards or downwards once the safety mechanism 1610 hasbeen deactivated. The safety mechanism 1610 may be activated upondeployment of the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230. The safetymechanism 1610 may be configured to automatically deactivate uponidentifying that the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 is in acollecting position 1602. The safety mechanism 1610 may be configured toautomatically re-activate upon identifying that the lead-free pinscreenimprint device 230 is done collecting the imprint.

According to the imprint collection process 1600, when the plurality ofpins 360 are lowered on to the topmost surface 260, an imprint force(not shown) may be exerted from the topmost surface 260 to raise aproportional number of pins 920 out of the plurality of pins 360. Theimprint force may be equal to a normal force (not shown) proportional tothe weight of the plurality of pins 360 exerted on the topmost surface260. As the plurality of pins 360 are dropped on the topmost surface260, the topmost surface 260 pushes back on the imprint surface.

FIG. 16A shows the lead-free pinscreen device 230 in the collectingposition 1602. As described above, in the pinscreen portion 500, theimprint surface is a plane formed by a plurality of bottom ends of theplurality of pins 360 when the lead-free pinscreen device 230 is in acollecting position 1602. Further, the scanning surface 565 may be asurface that faces in an upward direction. The scanning surface 565 maybe a plane formed by a plurality of top ends of the plurality of pins360 when the lead-free pinscreen device 230 is in the collectingposition 1602. In FIGS. 16B-16D, as the lead-free pinscreen device 230is lowered and the imprint is collected, the proportional number of pins920 is equal to a thickness 1510 of the fish 260.

FIG. 17 shows a flowchart in accordance with one or more embodiments.Specifically, FIG. 17 describes a method for retrieving at least oneimprint of the topmost surface 260 of the fish 265. In some embodiments,the method may be implemented using the devices described in referenceto FIGS. 2-14 . While the various blocks in FIG. 17 are presented anddescribed sequentially, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciatethat some or all the blocks may be executed in different orders, may becombined, or omitted, and some or all the blocks may be executed inparallel. Furthermore, the blocks may be performed actively orpassively.

In Block 1700, the control system 1040 activates the safety mechanism1610 in the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230. This activationprevents the plurality of pins to move vertically in response to comingin contact with loose debris in the wellbore.

In Block 1710, the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 is loweredinto the wellbore using the conveyance mechanism 210. The lead-freepinscreen imprint device 230 is lowered along the vertical axis 240 fromthe rig floor 1045.

In Block 1720, the control system 1040 determines whether the lead-freepinscreen imprint device 230 has reached one of the collecting positions1502 or 1602. As described above, the control system 1040 may be anautomated server performing a sequence of non-linear actions or anoperator that monitors the movement of the conveyance mechanism 210.

In Block 1730, the control system 1040 determines whether a 3D image ofthe topmost surface 260 of the fish 265 can be generated based on asingle scan.

In Block 1740, in a case where the 3D image of the topmost surface 260of the fish 265 can be generated using a single scan, the control system1040 generates the 3D image of the topmost surface 260 of the fish 265.

In Block 1750, if the 3D image of the topmost surface 260 of the fish265 cannot be generated based on one scan only, the control system 1040(i.e., operator) determines a number of subsequent scans to becollected. In one or more embodiments, the number of scans required maybe as many as necessary to obtain the best 3D image of the top fish.

In Block 1760, after the 3D laser image scanner performs the number ofsubsequent scans, the control system 1040 generates the 3D image of thetopmost surface 260 of the fish 265.

While FIGS. 2-17 show various configurations of components, otherconfigurations may be used without departing from the scope of thedisclosure. For example, various components in FIGS. 2-14 may becombined to create a single component. As another example, thefunctionality performed by a single component may be performed by two ormore components.

As shown in FIG. 18 , the computing system 1800 may include one or morecomputer processor(s) 1804, non-persistent storage 1802 (e.g., randomaccess memory (RAM), cache memory, or flash memory), one or morepersistent storage 1806 (e.g., a hard disk), a communication interface1808 (transmitters and/or receivers) and numerous other elements andfunctionalities. The computer processor(s) 1804 may be an integratedcircuit for processing instructions. The computing system 1800 may alsoinclude one or more input device(s) 1820, such as a touchscreen,keyboard, mouse, microphone, touchpad, electronic pen, or any other typeof input device. In some embodiments, the one or more input device(s)1820 may be the control device 1040 described in reference to FIGS.10-14 connected to the lead-free pinscreen imprint device 230 describedin reference to FIG. 2 . Further, the computing system 1800 may includeone or more output device(s) 1810, such as a screen (e.g., a liquidcrystal display (LCD), a plasma display, or touchscreen), a printer,external storage, or any other output device. One or more of the outputdevice(s) may be the same or different from the input device(s). Thecomputing system 1800 may be connected to a network system 1830 (e.g., alocal area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN) such as theInternet, mobile network, or any other type of network) via a networkinterface connection (not shown).

In one or more embodiments, for example, the input device 1820 may becoupled to a receiver and a transmitter used for exchangingcommunication with one or more peripherals connected to the networksystem 1830. The receiver may receive information relating to one ormore reflected signals as described in reference to FIGS. 5-7 . Thetransmitter may relay information received by the receiver to otherelements in the computing system 1800. Further, the computerprocessor(s) 1804 may be configured for performing or aiding inimplementing the processes described in reference to FIGS. 7, 8 , and/or9.

Further, one or more elements of the computing system 1800 may belocated at a remote location and be connected to the other elements overthe network system 1830. The network system 1830 may be a cloud-basedinterface performing processing at a remote location from the well siteand connected to the other elements over a network. In this case, thecomputing system 1800 may be connected through a remote connectionestablished using a 5G connection, such as protocols established inRelease 15 and subsequent releases of the 3GPP/New Radio (NR) standards.

The computing system in FIG. 18 may implement and/or be connected to adata repository. For example, one type of data repository is a database.A database is a collection of information configured for ease of dataretrieval, modification, reorganization, and deletion. In someembodiments, the databases include published/measured data relating tothe method, the assemblies, and the devices as described in reference toFIGS. 2-7 .

While FIGS. 2-18 show various configurations of components, otherconfigurations may be used without departing from the scope of thedisclosure. For example, various components in FIGS. 2-16 may becombined to create a single component. As another example, thefunctionality performed by a single component may be performed by two ormore components.

While the disclosure has been described with respect to a limited numberof embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of thisdisclosure, will appreciate that other embodiments can be devised whichdo not depart from the scope of the disclosure as disclosed herein.Accordingly, the scope of the disclosure should be limited only by theattached claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A lead-free pinscreen imprint device forretrieving at least one imprint of a topmost surface of a fish locatedin a wellbore, the lead-free pinscreen imprint device comprising: ahousing comprising a central aperture that extends along a section of acentral axis thereof; a pinscreen portion disposed in the housingcomprising: a plurality of pins that are disposed along a vertical axisthat is parallel to the central axis, each pin of the plurality of pinscomprising a top end and a bottom end and each pin being configured tobe independently shifted along the vertical axis upon identifying apressure at the bottom end, an imprint surface that faces in a downwarddirection, the imprint surface being a first plane formed by a pluralityof bottom ends of the plurality of pins when the imprint surface is in acollecting position, and a scanning surface that faces in an upwarddirection, the scanning surface being a second plane parallel to thefirst plane and formed by a plurality of top ends of the plurality ofpins when the scanning surface is in the collecting position; and athree-dimensional (3D) laser image scanner disposed in the housing at alocation that is immediately above the pinscreen portion, the 3D laserimage scanner being configured to scan the scanning surface and identifyany depth changes in the scanning surface.
 2. The lead-free pinscreenimprint device of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises an attachmentconfigured to connect a conveyance mechanism that moves the lead-freepinscreen imprint device along the vertical axis, the conveyancemechanism being a wireline, a slickline, or via tubulars.
 3. Thelead-free pinscreen imprint device of claim 2, wherein the housing is atubular body with the attachment configured to connect the conveyancemechanism at a first end and the plurality of pins at a second end, theattachment configured to connect the conveyance mechanism being athreaded box.
 4. The lead-free pinscreen imprint device of claim 1,wherein the 3D laser image scanner includes a collection surface facingthe scanning surface and forming a scanning chamber.
 5. The lead-freepinscreen imprint device of claim 4, wherein each pin of the pluralityof pins includes a sealing element that prevents fluids from enteringthe scanning chamber.
 6. The lead-free pinscreen imprint device of claim1, wherein the collecting position is a position when the lead-freepinscreen imprint device is located at a predetermined depth of thewellbore or when the lead-free pinscreen imprint device is located at apredetermined distance with respect to the topmost surface of the fish.7. The lead-free pinscreen imprint device of claim 1, wherein thepinscreen portion further comprises a safety mechanism that prevents theplurality of pins from moving, each pin of the plurality of pins beingfree to slide upwards or downwards once the safety mechanism has beendeactivated.
 8. The lead-free pinscreen imprint device of claim 7,wherein the safety mechanism is activated upon deployment of thelead-free pinscreen imprint device into the wellbore, the safetymechanism being configured to automatically deactivate upon identifyingthat the lead-free pinscreen imprint device is in the collectingposition.
 9. The lead-free pinscreen imprint device of claim 1, whereinthe lead-free pinscreen imprint device is coupled to a processor that:controls activation and deactivation of a safety mechanism; determineswhether the lead-free pinscreen imprint device has reached thecollecting position; after the 3D laser image scanner performs a firstscan of the scanning surface, determines whether a 3D image of thetopmost surface of the fish can be generated based on the first scanonly; if the 3D image of the topmost surface of the fish can begenerated based on the first scan only, generates the 3D image of thetopmost surface of the fish; if the 3D image of the topmost surface ofthe fish cannot be generated based on the first scan only, determines anumber of subsequent scans to be collected; and if the 3D image of thetopmost surface of the fish cannot be generated based on the first scanonly and after the 3D laser image scanner performs the number ofsubsequent scans, generates the 3D image of the topmost surface of thefish.
 10. The lead-free pinscreen imprint device of claim 9, wherein incase where at least two impressions of the topmost surface of the fishare required and after retrieving a first imprint, the lead-freepinscreen imprint device is pulled up a couple of feet above the topmostsurface of the fish and reset to take a second imprint.
 11. A system forretrieving an imprint of a topmost surface of a fish located in awellbore, the system comprising: a lead-free pinscreen imprint device,comprising: a housing comprising a central aperture that extends along asection of a central axis thereof, a pinscreen portion disposed in thehousing comprising: a plurality of pins that are disposed along avertical axis that is parallel to the central axis, each pin out of theplurality of pins comprising a top end and a bottom end and each pin outof the plurality of pins being configured to be independently shiftedalong the vertical axis upon identifying a pressure at the bottom end,an imprint surface that faces in a downward direction, the imprintsurface being a first plane formed by a plurality of bottom ends of theplurality of pins when the imprint surface is in a collecting position,and a scanning surface that faces in an upward direction, the scanningsurface being a second plane parallel to the first plane and formed by aplurality of top ends of the plurality of pins when the scanning surfaceis in the collecting position, and a three-dimensional (3D) laser imagescanner disposed in the housing at a location that is immediately abovethe pinscreen portion, the 3D laser image scanner being configured toscan the scanning surface and identify any depth changes in the scanningsurface; a conveyance mechanism configured to connect to an attachmentof the housing, the conveyance mechanism being configured to move thelead-free pinscreen imprint device along the vertical axis; and acontrol system that: controls activation and deactivation of a safetymechanism of the lead-free pinscreen imprint device; determines whetherthe lead-free pinscreen imprint device has reached the collectingposition; after the 3D laser image scanner performs a first scan of thescanning surface, determines whether a 3D image of the topmost surfaceof the fish can be generated based on the first scan only, if the 3Dimage of the topmost surface of the fish can be generated based on thefirst scan only, generates the 3D image of the topmost surface of thefish; if the 3D image of the topmost surface of the fish cannot begenerated based on the first scan only, determines a number ofsubsequent scans to be collected; and if the 3D image of the topmostsurface of the fish cannot be generated based on the first scan only andafter the 3D laser image scanner performs the number of subsequentscans, generates the 3D image of the topmost surface of the fish. 12.The system of claim 11, wherein in case where at least two impressionsof the topmost surface of the fish are required and after retrieving afirst imprint, the lead-free pinscreen imprint device is pulled up acouple of feet above the topmost surface of the fish and reset to take asecond imprint.
 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the conveyancemechanism being a wireline, a slickline, or via tubulars.
 14. The systemof claim 11, wherein the housing is a tubular body with the attachmentconfigured to connect the conveyance mechanism at a first end and theplurality of pins at a second end, the attachment configured to connectthe conveyance mechanism being a threaded box.
 15. The system of claim11, wherein the 3D laser image scanner includes a collection surfacefacing the scanning surface and forming a scanning chamber.
 16. Thesystem of claim 15, wherein each pin out of the plurality of pinsincludes a sealing element that prevents fluids from entering thescanning chamber.
 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the collectingposition is a position when the lead-free pinscreen imprint device islocated at a predetermined depth of the wellbore or when the lead-freepinscreen imprint device is located at a predetermined distance withrespect to the topmost surface of the fish.
 18. The system of claim 11,wherein the pinscreen portion further comprises the safety mechanismthat prevents the plurality of pins from moving, each pin out of theplurality of pins being free to slide upwards or downwards once thesafety mechanism has been deactivated.
 19. The system of claim 18,wherein the safety mechanism is activated upon deployment of thelead-free pinscreen imprint device into the wellbore, the safetymechanism being configured to automatically deactivate upon identifyingthat the lead-free pinscreen imprint device is in the collectingposition.
 20. A method for retrieving at least one imprint of a topmostsurface of a fish located in a wellbore, the method comprising:activating, by a control system, a safety mechanism in a lead-freepinscreen imprint device, the lead-free pinscreen imprint devicecomprising: a housing comprising a central aperture that extends along asection of a central axis thereof, the housing comprising an attachmentconfigured to connect a conveyance mechanism that moves the lead-freepinscreen imprint device along a vertical axis, a pinscreen portiondisposed in the housing comprising: a plurality of pins that aredisposed along the vertical axis that is parallel to the central axis,each pin out of the plurality of pins comprising a top end and a bottomend and each pin out of the plurality of pins being configured to beindependently shifted along the vertical axis upon identifying apressure at the bottom end, an imprint surface that faces in a downwarddirection, the imprint surface being a first plane formed by a pluralityof bottom ends of the plurality of pins when the imprint surface is in acollecting position, and a scanning surface that faces in an upwarddirection, the scanning surface being a second plane parallel to thefirst plane and formed by a plurality of top ends of the plurality ofpins when the scanning surface is in the collecting position, athree-dimensional (3D) laser image scanner disposed in the housing at alocation that is immediately above the pinscreen portion, the 3D laserimage scanner being configured to scan the scanning surface and identifyany depth changes in the scanning surface; and the safety mechanism thatprevents the plurality of pins from moving, each pin out of theplurality of pins being free to slide upwards or downwards once thesafety mechanism has been deactivated; lowering, by the conveyancemechanism, the lead-free pinscreen imprint device from a surface intothe wellbore and along the vertical axis; determining, by the controlsystem, whether the lead-free pinscreen imprint device has reached thecollecting position; after the 3D laser image scanner performs a firstscan of the scanning surface, determining, by the control system,whether a 3D image of the topmost surface of the fish can be generatedbased on the first scan only, if the 3D image of the topmost surface ofthe fish can be generated based on the first scan only, by the controlsystem, generating the 3D image of the topmost surface of the fish; ifthe 3D image of the topmost surface of the fish cannot be generatedbased on the first scan only, by the control system, determining anumber of subsequent scans to be collected; and if the 3D image of thetopmost surface of the fish cannot be generated based on the first scanonly and after the 3D laser image scanner performs the number ofsubsequent scans, by the control system, generating the 3D image of thetopmost surface of the fish.